Heating, Energy & Eco
274 sources in the library on heating, energy & eco. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 6 of 7.
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SGN (Scotland and Southern Gas Networks)
SGN publishes standard alteration prices by region, all plus VAT, and lets the customer cut the cost by digging the trench themselves. Scotland: £795 if SGN digs the trenches, £504 if you dig them; refit the meter £103; refit the meter and reconnect the meter outlet pipework £207; lead time normally 6 to 12 weeks after quote acceptance. Southern England inside the M25: £1,007 if SGN digs, £710 if you dig; refit meter £110; refit meter and reconnect outlet pipework £222; lead time 6 to 12 weeks. Southern England outside the M25: £859 if SGN digs, £598 if you dig; refit meter £110; refit and reconnect £222; lead time 10 to 12 weeks. Alterations needing more than 5 metres of pipework are charged extra per metre up to a maximum of 20 metres; beyond 20 metres, or for a flat on the second floor or above, no instant quote is issued and the case is reviewed manually. Excavations in road or pavement are reinstated by SGN's reinstatement team within 5 working days of the job. The land must be owned by the applicant or written landowner permission held, and any planning permission or local authority permit must already be in place.
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SGN (Scotland and Southern Gas Networks)
Two points a homeowner rarely anticipates. First, moving a gas meter can break a smart meter's wireless connectivity: SGN will alter the supply pipe and move the meter, but if connectivity is lost the energy supplier may need to visit to re-establish it and that visit may be chargeable, so the supplier should be told about the plans before the alteration is booked. Second, SGN runs a Help to Heat scheme offering free or discounted new connections to households struggling to pay energy bills and keep their home warm, with an online eligibility check. The same route covers new connections, alterations and disconnections for household and business customers, all quotable online, and the page explains the meter point reference number (MPRN) used to identify a gas supply.
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Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
Marianne Suhr and Sally Stradling on diagnosing and repairing fireplaces, flues and chimneys in old domestic buildings, including fire risk, alterations and energy efficiency. Dimensional guidance includes a 300mm (12 inch) diameter flue 3m (10 ft) high, an iron or copper canopy finishing about 750mm above the fire bed and measuring roughly 900mm wide by 600mm deep, reducing a fireplace opening height to 600mm, a restricted throat 100mm (4 inches) from the back of the grate, and traditional grouped flues of about 225 by 225mm (9 by 9 inches) with slender withes between them. Historic parging used lime or earth with fresh cow dung, mixes cited as 1 part lime putty to 3 parts cow dung, sometimes 1:1, and 1 part cow dung to 4 parts haired lime mortar made from 1 part lime to 3 parts sand. Also covers downdraught from a nearby tall building, tree or hill, spalling, and combustion air inlet sizing.
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SP Energy Networks
Confirms a domestic EV charge point can be connected, but that an ENA application form must be completed through the industry Connecting to the Networks portal before or at installation; once SP Energy Networks receives that notification it contacts the customer to discuss requirements. The company publishes a low carbon technology customer leaflet in English and Welsh covering the same journey. Practical point for a homeowner: the notification is made through the national ENA route rather than direct to the network operator, and the installer normally submits it.
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SP Energy Networks
The notification route for a domestic heat pump, which is a connect-then-notify process rather than an application. Start by asking an accredited heat pump installer to confirm the electricity supply is adequate; provided the internal wiring, the supply and the cut-out are all satisfactory, the heat pump can simply be installed. After installation the customer, or the installer on their behalf, notifies SP Energy Networks by completing a form and emailing it to lctapplicationnorth@spenergynetworks.co.uk for Central and Southern Scotland or lctapplicationsouth@spenergynetworks.co.uk for Merseyside, Cheshire, North Wales and North Shropshire. SP Energy Networks needs the notification to manage network demand and keep supplies secure. Context given: the UK Government target of up to 600,000 heat pumps installed per year by 2028 as part of Net Zero by 2050, with the Scottish Government targeting 2045. Three types are covered, air source, ground source and hybrid.
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SP Energy Networks
The two routes to a 100 Amp main fuse, which is the practical block on adding an EV charger or heat pump to an older 60A or 80A supply. If the 100A cut-out is needed to enable an electric vehicle or heat pump connection, the customer must submit an ENA application form through the industry Connecting to the Networks service. If it is needed for anything other than an EV or heat pump, SP Energy Networks will carry out a survey at the property free of charge to identify what is required, arranged by online form, phone or email. One number covers both licence areas, Central and Southern Scotland and Merseyside, Cheshire, North Wales and North Shropshire: 0330 10 10 444, Monday to Friday 08:30 to 16:30.
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UCL Discovery (Botti, University of Surrey and PRP)
Post-occupancy monitoring of a Passivhaus-certified large-scale affordable housing development, comparing measured indoor temperatures in summer 2015 against the overheating risk predicted at design stage with PHPP. The analysis found a high frequency of overheating, diverging significantly from the PHPP estimates. The causes identified were higher internal heat gains from higher occupant density and appliance use than assumed, and in some cases insufficient reliance on natural ventilation to purge excess heat. Because in-use occupancy patterns are hard to predict at design stage, the paper recommends a more robust design strategy with explicit measures to minimise summer overheating and future-proof against a changing climate. Context figure cited: fuel poverty affected 10.6 per cent of English households at the time of the study.
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UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering and UCL Energy Institute
Measured overheating in 122 London dwellings across the summers of 2009 and 2010, with dry bulb temperature and relative humidity logged in the main living and sleeping area at 10 minute intervals and assessed against the ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive comfort method. Results: in 2009, 29 per cent of living rooms and 31 per cent of bedrooms had more than 1 per cent of summertime occupied hours outside the comfort zone for 90 per cent acceptability; in 2010 that rose to 37 per cent of living rooms and 49 per cent of bedrooms. The conclusion is that London dwellings already face a significant overheating risk under the current climate, before any warming, and that exposure will worsen unless adaptation is built into Building Regulations, design and retrofit. Pathan, Mavrogianni, Summerfield, Oreszczyn and Davies.
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University of Salford
Measured results from two prototype Future Homes Standard houses built inside the Energy House 2.0 climate chamber in January 2023. The headline finding is the size of the performance gap: the two homes, built by different methods, showed a difference of only up to 8 per cent between designed and actual measured performance, against a stated typical range for new build homes of 5 per cent to 140 per cent of design specification. Airtightness on one house was measured better than design values with low heat loss. Running cost effect: the design-to-actual difference on eHome2 equated to £4.50 per month, giving a running cost of £88 per month. The chamber can reproduce conditions found across 95 per cent of the earth's inhabited land, from -20C to 40C with rain, wind, snow and solar, and holds temperature to within 0.5C. Context stated: the Future Homes Standard applies to new UK homes from 2025 and targets 80 per cent fewer carbon emissions than homes built to the 2013 regulations. The research team's conclusion is that small human errors have disproportionately large effects in a highly efficient home.
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University of Salford
Findings from the £3 million Demonstration of Energy Efficiency Potential (DEEP) project commissioned by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, run by Salford's Energy House Labs with the Leeds Sustainability Institute at Leeds Beckett and Loughborough University, and one of the largest UK studies of solid wall retrofit. Both a whole house approach and piecemeal retrofit cut the fabric heat loss and space heating energy bills of the Energy House by around 50 per cent, but the whole house approach carried significantly less risk of surface condensation and mould growth at junctions. Insulating solid walls could save up to 30 per cent a year on energy bills for some homes and was by far the single most effective measure for solid walled homes, with other measures unable to reach the required improvement. Modelled fuel bill savings for solid wall insulation alone were between 11 and 29 per cent depending on the condition of the wall and how much of the external wall is insulated, rising to as high as 33 per cent when combined with other measures. Measured improvements were in most cases lower than the EPC predicted. A second-order finding builders miss: after fabric retrofit the existing gas central heating system became oversized, which reduced its efficiency, though low-cost fixes were found. Energy House 1 is a full-size Victorian terraced house inside an environmental chamber that can replicate outdoor temperatures anywhere in the UK at any point in the heating season.
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University of Salford, Energy House Labs
Specification of one of the largest purpose-built building performance test laboratories in the world, opened in 2023. Two large-scale environmental chambers control temperature from -23.5C to +51C plus humidity, with weather rigs that can be placed on buildings inside. The chambers are green field sites: any type of property can be built inside, hangar doors admit construction plant, and earth pits allow real foundations to be dug so builders work as they would on site. Sensor arrays are cast into the properties as they are built. The lab's heat loss testing follows EN 17887-1:2024 (in situ testing of completed buildings, data collection for aggregate heat loss test) and EN 17887-2:2024 (steady-state data analysis for the same test).
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University of Salford, Energy House Labs
Carries several measured results from Energy House 2.0. Reversible heat pump cooling: research led by Professor Lubo Jankovic tested a heat pump with fan coils in one of the test houses, and when the temperature inside the chamber reached 32C the rooms stayed between 19C and a comfortable range, showing reversible heat pumps can address overheating in modern homes as well as heating them. Installation quality: Research Fellow Grant Henshaw's BBC Morning Live segment followed a homeowner whose air source heat pump, installed by an MCS-certified installer, was found to be undersized for the property, which is the failure mode the labs repeatedly identify. Heat3D building performance testing has been taken out of the laboratory and applied across 22 occupied homes, published in Buildings (MDPI). Other work covers monitoring to help social housing providers identify damp, mould and poor indoor environmental conditions.
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University of Salford, Energy House Labs
Cross-cutting findings from the Innovate UK funded Future Homes project, worth £3.54m in its initial phase plus a £1.4m extension, covering 52 product evaluations and business assists. Off-site timber frame systems demonstrated predictable fabric performance and reduced the performance gap. Heating system trials showed all the technologies tested can work, but stressed the critical importance of correct sizing, design, commissioning and continuous-heating regimes for low-temperature systems, which is the single most common failure mode in domestic heat pump installations. Indoor air quality studies revealed significant risks in airtight homes without active ventilation and concluded regulation needs to evolve. Smart home and customer-facing technology needs simplifying to be usable. Ongoing work covers assessing ventilation methods in homes with higher airtightness, emissions from building materials under future higher ambient temperatures, and ventilation system performance in hot outdoor conditions. Published studies from the programme include a comparison of SAP assumptions against measured U-value and airtightness in pre-1919 dwellings, and a study of the insulative effect of snow on flat roofs under extreme conditions.
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University of Strathclyde, Energy Systems Research Unit
Modelled conclusions on retrofitting the Scottish stock. Greenhouse gas reductions were achieved at every retrofit level through reduced energy demand, and at scale the cost of retrofit could be competitive with conventional responses to rising demand such as building more generation. Going deeper, the modelling showed it is possible to feed a high percentage of buildings with low carbon heat without any increase in electricity demand, a system-level benefit usually overlooked in individual retrofit decisions. Deep retrofit also raises thermal comfort and indoor air quality and can reduce fuel poverty, which affects around 30 per cent of Scottish households. The delivery model judged most promising for scale is EnergieSprong, largely because its financing offsets cost against current energy bills and recycles the saving into further retrofit, following the developed market in the Netherlands.
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University of Strathclyde, Energy Systems Research Unit
A breakdown of the Scottish housing stock drawn from the 2015 Scottish House Condition Survey, covering dwelling types, ages, heating systems, sizes and U-values. Headline fuel split: 79 per cent of the Scottish housing stock runs on gas, 12 per cent on electricity, and oil and other fuels together account for around 10 per cent. Flats, a category that includes maisonettes, two-storey flats and tenements, make up the highest proportion of buildings in Scotland, which is why communal ownership and shared stairwells shape what retrofit is possible there. Semi-detached houses are described as paired by a common wall and designed to use less space than detached; terraces, common in old industrial towns and popular through the 20th century for high density working class housing, share walls on both sides.
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Wales and West Utilities
Altering a domestic gas connection starts at £1,000 plus VAT and typically takes 6 to 8 weeks from payment to completion, the same clock as a new connection; relocating a meter for a house or small business starts from the same £1,000 plus VAT baseline. The £1,000 plus VAT starting price also applies as a baseline for commercial premises and multi-unit sites, which are then quoted individually. Moving the meter outside is described as one of the most common reasons homeowners get in touch, usually to free internal space or make way for renovation, and feasibility depends on the property and its pipework. If a planned extension or renovation affects the existing service pipe, a pipe alteration is likely to be needed before work can safely proceed, and the company warns that damaging a gas pipe while digging is a criminal offence. Enquiries 0800 072 6814.
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Wales and West Utilities
A new gas connection for a house or small business starts from £3,912 plus VAT, with the exact price depending on the distance from the existing gas main and any groundworks needed, quoted per address through the online portal. Once payment is made a standard connection typically takes 6 to 8 weeks to complete; the company offers the earliest available date and flags where local traffic management or highway restrictions could extend it. The first step is a postcode check to confirm gas is available at the address at all, then a quote through the portal. Business connections or multiple homes are priced individually on 0800 072 6814. Useful as a benchmark against the alternative of an all-electric heating scheme, since the connection charge alone is often larger than homeowners assume.
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Wales and West Utilities
Wales and West Utilities aims to finish the work and have the customer on gas within 6 weeks of payment, but if a road closure is needed the job can take up to 90 days, and depending on workload the process can stretch to 12 weeks. After payment the company contacts the customer within twelve working days to arrange the work, and plans jobs first come first served. If the crew arrives on the agreed date and cannot work for reasons within the customer's control, the example given being scaffolding or skips blocking access, a charge of £40 plus VAT per visit applies.
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Aico
Manufacturer data sheet for the Ei3018 mains powered carbon monoxide alarm. Sensor type is an electrochemical cell with a 10 year sensor life, and the alarm has a 10 year life overall. Supply is 230V AC 50Hz with built in tamper proof rechargeable lithium cells as back-up. Sound output is 85 dB(A) at 3 metres. Operating temperature range is 0C to 35C, narrower than the smoke alarm, which matters when siting one in an unheated space. A yellow indicator signals fault or end of life. Weight is 310g, or 376g boxed. Warranty is 5 years limited. It can run standalone or be interconnected with other alarms in the range.
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Baxi
Manufacturer specification table for the Baxi 800 Combi 2 in 24, 30 and 36 sizes. Central heating heat output (Pn) is 4.8-20 kW, 5.8-25 kW and 7.2-25 kW respectively, so even the 36 model puts only 25 kW into the radiators. Domestic hot water heat output is 24, 30 and 36 kW with maximum DHW flow rates of 10.2, 12.2 and 15 l/min at a 35C rise. Minimum DHW flow rate to fire the boiler is 2 l/min and minimum operating DHW pressure is 0.5 bar. Integral expansion vessel is 7 litres on all three, giving a maximum central heating system capacity of 100 litres. External fuse rating is 3 amps. Boiler width is 395mm and installer lift weight is 29.2-30.5 kg. An Adey MagnaClean Micro2 filter is supplied with the boiler.
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Baxi
Manufacturer specification table for a system boiler in 18, 24 and 30 sizes. Non-condensing central heating output (Pn) is 4.8-18, 4.8-24 and 5.8-30 kW, and condensing output (Pnc) is 5.2-19.9, 5.2-26.3 and 6.4-32.4 kW, so a system boiler puts its full rated output into the radiators, unlike a combi where the headline figure is the hot water rating. Maximum DHW flow rate is not applicable because hot water comes from a cylinder. Minimum operating DHW pressure is 0.5 bar and minimum DHW flow 2 l/min. Integral expansion vessel is 7 litres, giving a maximum central heating system capacity of 100 litres, which is the check to make before adding radiators to an existing system. Boiler width is 395mm and installer lift weight is 29 to 30 kg. An Adey MagnaClean Micro2 filter is included.
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Birtley Lintels (Birtley Group)
Supatherm thermally broken steel lintels. Psi values in W/mK, calculated on a 100 mm cavity with full fill insulation and a 0.45 W/mK block. ST90 by length: 750-1050 mm 0.098 to 0.057; 1200-1350 mm 0.053 to 0.048; 1500-1650 mm 0.043 to 0.039; 1800-2100 mm 0.06 to 0.052; 2250-2400 mm 0.048 to 0.043; 2550 mm 0.039; 2700-3000 mm 0.055 to 0.051; 3300-3900 mm 0.037 to 0.031. ST90HD at 1800 mm is 0.04 and ST90HDX at 1800 mm is 0.043. Birtley claim up to 80% reduction in heat loss against a standard cavity lintel, improving DFEE by up to 3% and DER by over 1%. Cavity widths 90 to 150 mm, lengths 750 to 3900 mm, hot dip galvanized to EN 1461, CE marked to BS EN 845-2.
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Cemfloor
Self levelling cementitious screed of Cemfloor binder, cement, sand and water, to EN 13813:2002. Version 4, 04/24. Compressive strength classes C20, C25 and C30; flexural F4, F5 and F6. Minimum thickness: bonded 20 mm; unbonded 30 mm domestic and 40 mm commercial; floating 35 mm domestic and 40 mm commercial; over underfloor heating pipes 25 mm above the pipes for C20 and C25 and 20 mm above the pipes for C30. Shrinkage at 28 days less than 0.05%. Flow rate 230-260 mm. Fresh density 2100-2200 kg/m3. Surface flatness minimum SR2. ISCR test Category A. Open to light foot traffic in 24-48 hours. Maximum bay size 150 m2 unheated and 100 m2 heated. Floating screeds need insulation of at least 100 kPa compressive strength. Used to BS 8204-7:2003 for pumpable self-smoothing screeds, levelled with a dappling bar in two passes at 90 degrees. Needs no curing agent in a sealed weathertight area; Cemfloor EC evaporation control spray is used where there is wind, draught or strong sun. No sanding to remove laitance.
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Daikin UK
Manufacturer technical data for the 4, 6 and 8 class R-32 monobloc air to water heat pump. Seasonal space heating class is A+++ across the range at the low temperature application. SCOP is 4.48, 4.47 and 4.56 at a 35C leaving water temperature, and 3.26, 3.26 and 3.32 at 45C, so a 10 degree rise in flow temperature costs roughly 27 per cent of the seasonal efficiency. Sound power level is 58, 60, 61 and 62 dBA across models and sound pressure level measured at 1 metre is 44, 47, 48, 49 and 50 dBA. Factory refrigerant charge is 1.35 kg of R-32 on every model. Daikin defines its heating test conditions explicitly as A7 W35 (ambient air 7C, leaving water 35C) and A7 W45, which is the qualification that makes two manufacturers' COP figures comparable. Thermal store connection kits are listed at 300 and 500 litres.
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EnviroVent
Manufacturer specification for a decentralised mechanical extract ventilation (dMEV) fan. Maximum flow rate is 18 l/s (65 m3/h) with a trickle speed down to 4 l/s, and specific fan power is 0.22 W per l/s, with power consumption down to 1 watt. EnviroVent states the unit meets 13 l/s for a kitchen, 8 l/s for a bathroom and 6 l/s for a toilet, which are the Building Regulations extract rates. The fan has a 100mm spigot, measures 158 x 158 x 48 mm when fitted, weighs 0.57 kg and is IPX4 rated (IP57 in the SELV version). Supply is 230V or SELV. Noise is quoted per octave band from 63 Hz to 8000 Hz with a total dB(A) at 3 metres, achieving under 20 dB(A) at 3 metres at trickle. It is SAP PCDB listed, comes with a washable mesh filter, has a set back function of up to 50 seconds, and carries a 2 year warranty. The SFP figure is what makes a continuously running fan cheap to leave on.
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FireAngel
Manufacturer data sheet for a battery powered carbon monoxide alarm with a digital display. It has a 10 year life on a 10 year sealed for life lithium battery. Alarm sound level is a minimum 85 dB(A) at 3 metres. Dimensions are 129 mm wide by 76 mm high by 76 mm deep and weight is 121g. Humidity accuracy of the display is plus or minus 3 per cent RH typical. Warranty is 5 years against the 10 year alarm life. A CO alarm with a display is the type that shows a low level chronic leak that would otherwise never reach alarm threshold.
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Forterra
Thermalite Turbo Block 2.9. Compressive strength 2.9 N/mm2, design lambda 0.11 W/mK, dry density 470 kg/m3, face size 440 x 215 mm. Widths and weights: 100 mm 6.1 kg, 140 mm 8.5 kg, 150 mm 9.1 kg, 190 mm 11.5 kg, 200 mm 12.1 kg, 215 mm 13 kg. Weights based on block gross density plus 50 kg/m3 at a typical as-received moisture content of 23%. This is the lowest lambda block in the standard Thermalite wall range.
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Gledhill
Manufacturer product guide with the standing heat loss figures that decide the real cost of an oversized cylinder. Across the StainlessLite Plus range the actual capacities are 91, 119, 148, 178, 208, 248 and 287 litres against nominal 90 to 300 litre labels. Standing heat loss is 32, 39, 47, 55, 62, 74 and 86 watts respectively, or 0.77, 0.94, 1.13, 1.32, 1.49, 1.78 and 2.06 kWh per 24 hours, so a 300 litre cylinder wastes nearly three times as much as a 90 litre one every day of the year. Declared efficiency is 37 per cent on most sizes and 38 per cent on the largest. Height runs 764mm at the smallest to 1990mm at the largest, all on a 550mm diameter shell. Empty weights are 18, 21, 25, 28, 32, 36 and 41 kg. Back-up is a 3 kW Incoloy 825 on-peak immersion, supplied with a 90 degree elbow and drain valve. Gledhill states the high efficiency corrugated coil gives faster reheat than a plain coil, and that only the 250, 300 and 400 litre indirect models come with an additional off-peak immersion.
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Gledhill
Manufacturer installation data giving the pressure settings that define a safe unvented cylinder installation. The pressure reducing valve is 12 bar on a 22 mm compression connection, the operating pressure (PRV setting) is 3 bar and the expansion vessel charge pressure is 3 bar on a 3/4 inch BSPM connection. The maximum design pressure on the drinking water side is 4.5 bar on a 15 mm compression connection. The temperature and pressure relief valve opens at 6 bar on a 1/2 inch BSPM connection. Maximum working pressure is 3 bar for the heat pump heat exchanger and 6 bar for the solar heat exchanger. Gledhill states the cylinder must be installed by a competent person as defined by the relevant regulations, with compliance in Northern Ireland via Technical Booklet P5 and a Competent Person Self Certification route, and that the expansion vessel needs regular routine checks. This is the source for why an unvented cylinder is notifiable work and needs an annual service.
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Glow-worm
Manufacturer specification for the Energy combi range at 25, 30 and 35 kW. Domestic hot water flow rate at a 35C rise is 12.1, 14.2 and 16.5 l/min. PCDB seasonal efficiency is 89.2 per cent on all three, which is the SAP figure rather than the higher ErP headline number, and worth quoting when a note explains why a boiler labelled 94 per cent does not deliver 94 per cent in a real house. Boiler dimensions are 700 x 390 x 280 mm (H x W x D) on all three sizes, small enough for a standard kitchen wall cupboard. A 7 year guarantee is free as standard with an option to extend to 10 years, but only when registered through myREWARDS with a Glow-worm Power Filter, and the extension excludes the 35 kW model.
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Grant UK
The clearest published demonstration that heat pump efficiency collapses as flow temperature rises. For the Aerona3 R32 range at 6, 10, 13 and 17 kW: heating capacity to BS EN 14511 at air 7C / water 35C is 6.92, 11.1, 13.6 and 18.0 kW with COP 4.91, 5.28, 5.25 and 4.79, and SCOP in average climate conditions at 35C of 4.61, 5.20, 5.40 and 4.54. The same units at air 7C / water 55C give heating capacity 6.24, 10.5, 11.4 and 15.3 kW with COP 3.04, 3.12, 3.23 and 3.15, and SCOP to BS EN 14825 of 3.29, 3.47, 3.72 and 3.57. So moving the flow temperature from 35C to 55C costs roughly a third of the efficiency. Sound power at 1 metre externally is 65.2, 64, 60.8 and 61.6 dB(A) and sound pressure 54.2, 53, 49.8 and 50.6 dB(A), the figures a permitted development noise assessment turns on. Refrigerant is R32. A 7 year guarantee applies when installed by a Grant G1 installer.
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Grant UK
Manufacturer range page listing the four Aerona3 R32 inverter driven monobloc models at 6 kW, 10 kW, 13 kW and 17 kW, each compared on SCOP at 35C water, SCOP at 55C water, and separate ErP ratings for 35C and 55C water. The fact that the manufacturer publishes two different ErP ratings for the same unit is the point: the label depends entirely on the flow temperature the system is designed around. Refrigerant is R32. A 7 year guarantee applies when installed by a Grant G1 installer, subject to terms.
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H+H UK
Celcon Solar Grade aircrete block. Compressive strength 2.9 N/mm2, thermal conductivity 0.11 W/mK, dry density 460 kg/m3. This is the lowest lambda block in the Celcon range and is the one specified where the inner leaf has to carry the U-value. Page links the Solar Grade 2023 datasheet, the Celcon Blocks 2023 datasheet and pack information.
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Heatrae Sadia
Manufacturer data for the Megaflo Eco indirect unvented cylinder. Nominal capacities are 70, 125, 145, 170, 210, 250 and 300 litres. Insulation is 60mm thick on every size. The immersion heater is 1 x 3 kW on all sizes. Empty weights are 25, 31, 35, 39, 43, 50 and 58 kg, but full weights are 125, 180, 204, 233, 253, 300 and 358 kg, which is the figure that decides whether a floor or an airing cupboard base can take it. Standing heat loss runs 332.15 kWh/year at 70 litres up to 616.85 kWh/year at 300 litres, so an oversized cylinder is a permanent standing cost. Maximum flow at 3 bar is 76 l/min across the range. The cylinder has an insulated temperature and pressure relief valve.
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Ideal Heating
Manufacturer product page for a system boiler range supplied at 15, 18, 24 and 30 kW. The specification table is published as central heating output in kW minimum and maximum at a 70C mean and at a 40C mean, the second figure being the one that applies to a low temperature system, alongside SEDBUK ratings on both the 2005 and the 2009/2012 scales. NOx emissions are Class 6, the cleanest band. Separate ErP energy labels are published per output size. Warranty is 10 years parts and labour, conditional on registering within 30 days of installation and having the boiler serviced annually, which is the condition that quietly voids most long boiler guarantees.
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Interfloor (Duralay)
Manufacturer technical sheet for an underlay designed for use over underfloor heating. Thermal resistance (R-value) is 0.035 m2K/W with a thermal conductivity of 0.086 W/mK, which converts to roughly 0.35 tog, far below the 0.55 tog of the same maker's Timbermate Excel and well under the 0.8 tog ceiling usually applied to heated floors. Nominal thickness is 3.00 mm to ISO 1765, nominal density 802 kg/m3 and square weight 2407 g/m2, with a roll weighing 36.2 kg. Impact sound reduction (delta Lw) is 21 dB to BS EN ISO 140-8:1998 and BS EN ISO 717-2:1997, slightly less than the 23 dB of the thicker Timbermate Excel, which is the direct trade-off between heat transfer and acoustic performance in an underlay.
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Liniar (HL Plastics)
Liniar lead-free multi-chambered uPVC window profile with a co-extruded bubble gasket, glazing flipper and thermal dam. Liniar states its window systems reach Window Energy Rating A++ and U-values as low as 1.2 W/m2K using double glazing rather than triple. The Liniar EnergyPlus range has 6 chambers and can achieve a U-value as low as 0.8 W/m2K. The range holds PAS 24 enhanced security certification and Secured by Design accreditation, with multi-point locking and reinforced frames.
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LKAB Minerals (Gypsol)
Gypsol anhydrite screed range. Minimum depths: 40 mm floating commercial, 35 mm floating domestic, 15 mm unbonded and 15 mm bonded for TS-15 and Rapide, 20 mm minimum for TS-20, and 15 mm cover to underfloor heating pipes for HTC and Rapide. Strength range C25 to C35 and F4 to F6, independently tested at 50 mm depth, 20 C and 60% RH. Fully self compacting and high density at just 40 mm. Underfloor heating can be commissioned and run after seven days. Gypsol Zero Laitance (ZL) removes the need to sand off laitance. Named products in the range include the general purpose system, TS-15 ultra-thin for bonded and unbonded work at 15 mm minimum, TS-20 down to 20 mm, HTC high strength for heavy duty loading, and Summit.
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Marley Ltd
Marley SolarTile 445 roof-integrated photovoltaic panel: 445 Wp peak output per panel, dimensions 1722mm x 1134mm x 70mm, weight 28.3 kg per panel, distributed load 14.5 kg/m2. All Glass construction with N-type TOPCon cells encapsulated between front and back glass sheets. Power output guarantee 95% of rated power at 10 years and 87% at 30 years. BBA certified. Installed directly onto the battens with conventional tiles fixed around it, so that BS 5534:2014+A2:2022 mechanical fixing requirements are met for the surrounding tiles. A lower output 335 Wp version is also in the range and has its own EPD.
- supplier figure RN-W5SUAI
Mitsubishi Electric
Manufacturer product information for the Ecodan monobloc range, covering outputs from 5 kW through to 84 kW. SCOP is 4.03, 4.01, 4.06, 3.87 and 3.87 across the domestic sizes at the low temperature application, dropping to 3.17, 3.18, 3.11, 3.12 and 3.12 at the higher flow temperature. Heating capacity at A-3/W35, meaning -3C outdoor air and a 35C flow, is 4.8, 8.3, 11.0, 14.0 and 14.0 kW with power inputs of 1.63, 2.96, 3.65, 4.81 and 4.81 kW, giving COPs of 2.95, 2.80, 3.01, 2.91 and 2.91. Those A-3 figures are the honest design day numbers, well below the headline SCOP. Operating ambient range widens with unit size from -15 to +35C, through -20 to +35C, to -25 to +35C. Supply is single phase with a low starting current, with three phase available on the 14 kW.