References

Windows, Doors & Glazing

196 sources in the library on windows, doors & glazing. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 3 of 5.

1. strong RN-J10BX3

   BSI Knowledge

   Published 30 July 2003, current in the A2:2016 version and marked Under Review. This is the harmonised product standard a garage door or gate must be declared against. It covers industrial and commercial doors and gates for vehicle and goods access, garage doors for domestic and commercial use, commercial rolling shutters and rolling grilles, barriers, and pass doors incorporated within a door leaf, whether manually or power operated. It sets the safety and performance requirements to be declared, but expressly excludes fire resisting and smoke control characteristics, which fall under EN 16034, and excludes operation in electromagnetic environments outside EN 61000-6-3. Cite this for what a garage door's Declaration of Performance covers, and pair it with BS EN 12453 for the safety of a powered door.

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2. strong RN-MW6RF7

   BSI Knowledge

   The harmonised product standard every replacement window and external door in the UK is CE or UKCA marked against, first published 31 May 2006 and current in the A2:2016 version, marked Under Review. It identifies the material independent performance characteristics, other than fire resistance and smoke control, that must be declared for fixed and manually or power operated windows, roof windows, door height windows, external pedestrian doorsets with flush or panelled leaves, unframed glass doorsets, escape route doorsets and screens for vertical wall installation. It expressly excludes rooflights, curtain walling, industrial doors, internal doorsets, revolving doors and power operated pedestrian doorsets, which is why a rooflight carries a different declaration from a roof window. Cite this for what a Declaration of Performance on a window quote is actually declaring.

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3. strong RN-QZLBL5

   BSI Knowledge

   Published 31 May 2011 and current, superseding the withdrawn BS EN 673:1998. This is the calculation method that produces the centre pane U-value quoted in glazing specifications and in the alternative compliance route in Approved Document L. It specifies a calculation method for the thermal transmittance of glazing with flat and parallel surfaces, covering single and multiple glazing, uncoated and coated glass, glass with structured surfaces such as patterned glass, and materials opaque in the far infrared including soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass and glass-ceramic. The definition that matters for a note: the procedure determines the U value in the central area of the glazing, excluding the edge effects of spacers and the window frame and excluding energy transfer from solar radiation. That is why a centre pane figure of 1.2 W/m2K is always better than the whole window figure for the same product, and why the two must never be compared as if they were the same number. It references EN 12898 for emissivity.

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4. strong RN-0N60UO

   BSI Knowledge

   Published 31 March 2020 and current. This is the standard that produces the whole window U-value, Uw, that Approved Document L and the BFRC window energy rating are both built on. It specifies methods for calculating the thermal transmittance of windows and pedestrian doors consisting of glazed or opaque panels fitted in a frame, with and without shutters, covering single and multiple glazing in glass or plastic, with or without low emissivity coatings and with cavities filled with air or other gases, and frames of wood, plastic, metal with and without a thermal barrier, metal with point metallic connections, or any combination of materials. It also accounts for the additional thermal resistance of a closed shutter according to its air permeability, which is the basis for claiming a thermal benefit from shutters or well fitted secondary glazing. Part 2 gives the numerical method for frame profiles and the linear thermal transmittance of the junction between frame and glazing, and BS EN 673 gives the centre pane input.

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5. strong RN-OREIWT

   Certass

   The alternative to FENSA, and worth naming so a reader does not assume FENSA is the only route. Certass has been a government authorised certification body since 2006 and is UKAS accredited. It runs a Competent Persons Scheme letting approved members self-certify window, door and glazing installations instead of notifying Building Control. Membership is £26.95 a month with one scope included and additional scopes at £5 a month, and auditing is risk-based so fewer complaints and better work mean lower audit fees. It also runs Certass TrustMark for workmanship standards, PAS 2030 certification for government-funded schemes, and product certification. Members get free Certass Trade Association membership and a listing in the homeowner directory at certifiedcompetent.co.uk.

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6. strong RN-R62UPB

   Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

   The core CIBSE reference for design criteria and calculation methods, cited whenever a note needs an authority for indoor design temperatures, fabric performance or heat loss and ventilation sizing. Publisher CIBSE, status Active, 402 pages, publication date March 2015 with a 2021 update, ISBN 9781906846541. The text is paywalled at GBP 200 plus VAT standard rate for the book and GBP 150 plus VAT for the download, free to CIBSE members, so only the catalogue page is public. The page confirms the scope: design criteria and calculation methods covering fabric performance, heating and ventilation system sizing, methods for thermal comfort evaluation and energy demand. Two currency notes recorded on the page matter for anyone citing it: Chapter 2 of Guide A supersedes TM34 Weather data with climate change scenarios (2004), and the Guide references BS EN 779:2012 for air filters, which has since been superseded by BS EN ISO 16890. The supplementary data files are downloadable free and include external design data, UK wind roses (Figure 2.8), solar irradiation on inclined planes (Table 2.12), sol-air temperatures (Table 2.14) and UK cooling load tables (Tables 5.16 and 5.17).

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7. strong RN-U3IDLH

   Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers

   TM59 is the dynamic thermal modelling methodology that Approved Document O Section 2 names as its alternative to the simplified glazing and free-area route, so it is a required citation for any note about overheating. This page is for the 2026 edition, published July 2026, 39 pages, ISBN 9781912034123, and it is FREE to download at both standard and member rate, unusually for CIBSE. The critical compliance point stated on the page: TM59 (2017) is still the version required for compliance with Part O, and CIBSE recommends TM59 (2026) only for industry best practice while it discusses with the Building Safety Regulator how the updated weather files and new version might be incorporated into the Approved Documents. So a note must not tell a reader that the 2026 edition satisfies Part O. The 2026 update adds a new bedroom overheating criterion based on Loughborough University research, updated ceiling fan modelling presenting fans as an effective passive comfort solution, and mandates that all homes be tested under unconstrained conditions using 2050s weather data. TM59 applies to houses, apartments, sheltered accommodation, care homes, student accommodation, prisons and bedrooms in hotels and hospitals, and covers new dwellings and major refurbishments. The page also records that in 2026 the Climate Change Committee raised risks to buildings and communities from heat to its highest category, Critical Action needed.

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8. strong RN-7CQGOE

   FENSA

   FENSA's homeowner page on the ventilation rules that changed what a replacement window has to include. It states that the changes to Approved Document F require the majority of replacement windows and doors to be fitted with trickle vents, on the reasoning that adequate ventilation must be provided to prevent excess condensation that could damage the structure. It gives the two commencement dates: 15 June 2022 in England and 23 November 2022 in Wales. It also states the rule installers get wrong, that the date the contract was signed has no bearing on registration and any installation taking place from 15 June 2022 onwards must comply, and notes exemptions for listed buildings and properties in conservation areas. Cite this for the trickle vent question and for the England and Wales date split.

   Name this source
9. strong RN-0O7PFU

   FENSA Limited

   FENSA is a government-authorised scheme that monitors Building Regulations compliance for replacement windows and doors, assessing its approved installers regularly. The legal duty to register a replacement window or door installation with the local council sits with the homeowner; using a FENSA Approved Installer transfers that registration to FENSA, which handles the paperwork and issues the certificate. The FENSA certificate is the document proving the installation meets Building Regulations and has been registered with the council, and it is backed by guarantee insurance. Only FENSA Approved Installers can issue one. This is the source behind the standing advice that a reader should get the certificate at the time of the work rather than hunt for it at sale.

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10. strong RN-CROTXV

    Secured by Design (UK Police Service)

    The police Secured by Design page setting out which standards a window must meet for Police Preferred Specification. The primary enhanced security standard is PAS 24:2022+A1:2024, and products must also meet the general performance standards BS 6375-1:2015+A1:2016 for weathertightness, BS 6375-2:2009 for operation and strength and BS 6375-3:2009+A1:2013 for additional performance characteristics. Alternative accepted routes are STS 204, STS 202 and STS 222 published by Warringtonfire Testing and Certification Limited, and the LPCB LPS standards for higher risk premises. For the glass itself the page names BS EN 356:2000, security glazing, testing and classification of resistance against manual attack. Certification must come from an independent UKAS accredited certification body, or an approved body such as Sold Secure or Thatcham.

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11. good RN-OFDBVS

    AECB (Association for Environment Conscious Building)

    The AECB retrofit standard page, and a useful source of real certified-project performance figures rather than manufacturer claims. The standard requires all-round insulation, minimised summer overheating, moisture risk addressed at junctions, and a low carbon heating system, with certifiers trained specifically in moisture and other risks and junctions assessed for moisture. The page lists certified projects with their measured or designed outcomes: Ward Grove, a 1983 to 1992 private house completed 2023, external insulation, triple glazed, MVHR heat recovery ventilation, space heating 37 kWh/m2 per year; Foxlow, a 1900 to 1918 private house completed 2023, wood fibre internal wall insulation, triple glazed, MVHR, space heating 32 kWh/m2 per year and airtightness 1.9 m3/m2.hr; and a Wrexham retrofit of a 1960s house, external insulation, triple glazed, MVHR, space heating 30 kWh/m2 per year. These are the numbers to quote when a note needs a realistic UK deep-retrofit space heating figure. The page also confirms the step-by-step route exists for households retrofitting in phases.

    Name this source
12. good RN-AFF4O9

    AECB (Association for Environment Conscious Building)

    The AECB CarbonLite family, the main UK alternative to Passivhaus for a homeowner who wants a measurable low-energy target rather than minimum Building Regulations compliance. The page names four standards and three supporting guidance documents: CarbonLite New Build for new domestic and non-domestic projects; CarbonLite Retrofit for individual or multifamily homes and non-domestic buildings; CarbonLite Retrofit Step-by-Step, designed principally for retrofitting individual or multifamily homes in stages rather than in one go; and the Water Standard for water efficiency in domestic and non-domestic projects, plus Daylighting design guidance (with an AECB CarbonLite software tool) and Airtightness guidance. Each standard has its own detailed guidance PDF. Two facts worth citing: AECB set up the Passivhaus Trust in 2010, so the two bodies are related rather than rivals, and AECB CarbonLite certified homes qualify for Ecology Building Society C-Change mortgage discounts of up to 1.50 percent off the standard variable rate, applied for the lifetime of the mortgage on completion of the project, which is a rare concrete financial consequence of a voluntary standard.

    Name this source
13. good RN-U54701

    Door and Hardware Federation

    The DHF is the UK trade association for door, gate and hardware manufacturers and suppliers, under the strapline Raising Standards Advancing Safety. It covers five product areas: locks and building hardware including CE marked and security hardware; doorsets in metal and timber including fire-resisting types; industrial doors and shutters including sectional overhead doors and fire-resisting shutters; domestic garage doors from canopy to roller shutter; and automated gates and barriers including swing gates, sliding gates and access controls. It publishes best practice guides, technical specifications, safety and security resources, conformity marking information, consumer information and competency frameworks, and runs training on fire-resisting doors. Contact is +44 (0) 1827 52337.

    Name this source
14. good RN-DV2NPZ

    Door and Hardware Federation (DHF)

    The DHF's list of what actually governs a powered gate, barrier or garage door. A powered gate or barrier is machinery, so the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008, which bring EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC into UK criminal law, apply, and the Responsible Person, normally the manufacturer or a party deemed to be the manufacturer, must carry out the conformity assessment, hold the technical file, mark the product and supply user instructions. Also listed: the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, the Electricity at Work Regulations 1998, the Building Regulations (Part P in England and Wales, sections 4.5, 4.6, 5.6 and 6 in Scotland), BS 7671 for the electrical installation, and DHF's own TS 013:2021 Code of Practice for Automated Gates, Traffic Barriers, Industrial and Garage Doors. Equality Act 2010 duties also apply. Cite this for why an automated gate is a legally different object from a manual one.

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15. good RN-1WX63T

    Glass and Glazing Federation

    The GGF is the UK industry body for glass and glazing, representing companies across glazing, fenestration and related trades. It runs a Technical Library and Technical Hub with guidance on windows, doors, conservatories and specialist glazing, a searchable directory of member companies, and a Member Complaint Service for disputes with a member firm. It sits alongside and links to FENSA for windows and doors Building Regulations compliance, BFRC for window energy ratings, and RISA certification. Approved Document L names the GGF as the source of the methods for calculating Window Energy Rating and Doorset Energy Rating, which is why this body matters for a note quoting WER bands.

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16. good RN-AT57MB

    Passivhaus Trust

    The UK body page for the Passivhaus standard, and the right citation for a note explaining low-energy standards above Building Regulations. It confirms EnerPHit is the separate, slightly relaxed Passive House Institute standard for RETROFIT projects, used where existing architecture and conservation constraints make full Passivhaus infeasible, which is the distinction most renovation articles blur. The Trust defines eight Passivhaus principles: the five building principles of insulation, airtightness, ventilation, minimised thermal bridging and high-performance windows, plus three principles of approach, namely detailed performance and comfort criteria, accurate design modelling using the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP), and rigorous quality assurance. It states the UK performance gap between designed and in-use energy conservatively results in a 60% increase in space heating demand in residential buildings, and often considerably more in non-residential, whereas Passivhaus buildings on average perform as designed. On claims: a building may reasonably be called a self-declared Passivhaus provided it satisfies all requirements of the standard, but certification must be by a registered Passivhaus Certifier independent of the design team. Caution when citing numbers: the headline criteria table on this page is published as an image and linked PDF rather than as text, so the numeric targets must be taken from the Passive House Institute criteria document itself.

    Name this source
17. good RN-8LILWO

    Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB)

    SPAB's practical repair guidance for box sash windows, the source to cite instead of a joinery firm's sales page. It names the parts and their faults: parting and staff beads guide the sash and cause draughts or rattles when poorly positioned, insufficiently thick or distorted, so repositioning or replacing them is the first fix; sash cords should be assessed by bending them to see whether they snap or are dried out, and replaced with a durable, low stretch natural or synthetic yarn of the right size. It gives a balance figure: weights for upper sashes should be about 0.5 to 0.9 kg lighter than the sash and for lower sashes 0.5 to 0.9 kg heavier. For sticking or jamming sashes it advises against forcing them and instead removing paint build-up, freeing fouled weights, clearing debris from the weight pockets or trimming a warped sash, with beeswax, candle wax or soap along the sash edges to ease movement. Draughts and rattles are cured with replacement beads incorporating seals, cam action catches, or timber or rubber wedges as a temporary measure. It warns against excessively thick paint coats and against getting paint on sash cords, which shortens their life.

    Name this source
18. good RN-7800YD

    Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB)

    SPAB's position on repairing rather than replacing old timber windows: replacement is the last resort and should be like for like in style and materials, since historic windows and their glass are integral to an old building. Decay is concentrated at the bottom of the window as wet rot, and is driven by moisture, so the first step is to eliminate gutter leaks or other causes of damp. Repair methods named are letting in well seasoned matching new timber using traditional joinery such as tenons and pegging, two-pack filler for minor decay, re-gluing and re-wedging loose joints after removing paint or excess build-up, and treating binding windows with an inorganic solvent stripper or careful planing. It confirms that existing timber windows can usually be repaired and, where necessary, upgraded for draught proofing or better security. Cite this against a note that treats a rotten sill as a reason to replace a whole window.

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19. fair RN-FRD5VY

    Energy Saving Trust

    Draught proofing costs and savings. Professional draught proofing of windows and doors across a whole house costs around £250, with DIY cheaper. A terracotta chimney pot cap starts at around £150 and also keeps out moisture and birds. Savings: around £55 a year in Great Britain and £80 in Northern Ireland from draught proofing windows, floors and doors, plus around £45 in GB and £60 in NI from draught proofing an unused open chimney. A draught free home is comfortable at a lower setting, and turning a thermostat down from 22 degrees C to 21 degrees C saves £120 a year in GB and £80 in NI. Warns that further draught proofing of an already well sealed home raises the risk of poor indoor air quality.

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20. fair RN-SS1KSR

    Energy Saving Trust

    Glazing performance, life and price. A set of A-rated windows for a semi detached house typically costs around £4,800. Replacing single glazing with A-rated double glazing across a semi detached house saves £85 a year in Great Britain and £140 in Northern Ireland, and cuts 290kg of CO2 a year in GB and 550kg in NI. Triple glazing costs around 20% more than double glazing, justified mainly in cold or noisy locations. Good quality, correctly installed and maintained double glazed units last 20 to 35 years and can go well beyond 35 years where the seals and gaskets are checked and the units kept clean and ventilated.

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21. fair RN-8O5OYW

    HomeOwners Alliance

    Window replacement process, cost and paperwork. Average price £500 to £3,200 per window depending on type, size and material. Installers usually take a deposit of 10% or 20% on order to buy the products and book the slot. Expect at least 3 to 4 windows fitted per day, longer for timber windows needing priming and painting. Windows fitted more than 10 years ago, even double glazed, are behind current glazing performance. A replacement FENSA or CERTASS certificate can be ordered by postcode from either scheme's website for around £25.

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22. fair RN-WBTLGN

    London Fire Brigade

    How to plan escape from a house or converted flat, which bears directly on loft conversion and window specification. The rule is get out, stay out, call 999 as soon as it is safe. The primary route is the normal way in and out; a second route must be planned in case the first is blocked, and windows are named as that alternative. Door and window keys must be kept where everyone can find them, and security gates or shutters must open from the inside without a key. Cites LFB's average response time in 2016/17 of 5 minutes 25 seconds, and that in nearly half of all fire deaths in 2015/16 there was a delay of 10 minutes or more between the fire starting and the Brigade being called. Around 60% of home fires start in the kitchen.

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23. fair RN-GB55CW

    Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings

    Andrew Townsend and Martyn Clarke on repairing rather than replacing wood windows. Argues from durability: many replacement windows fitted in the last 30 years have already decayed beyond repair while original windows from the 18th century and earlier survive. Thousands of repairable wood windows are destroyed each year, degrading the character of old buildings. Covers window types, defects and deterioration, splice repairs, glass, preservatives, pointing and painting. Practical figures include glazing bars often around 50mm wide, bedding in lime mortar or mastic, a linseed oil putty bevel covering about 1mm of the glass, and a burnt sand and quicklime mix in a 1:3 ratio by weight, with haired lime mortar used for bedding.

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24. fair RN-HZ0EDZ

    UCL Discovery (Botti, University of Surrey and PRP)

    Post-occupancy monitoring of a Passivhaus-certified large-scale affordable housing development, comparing measured indoor temperatures in summer 2015 against the overheating risk predicted at design stage with PHPP. The analysis found a high frequency of overheating, diverging significantly from the PHPP estimates. The causes identified were higher internal heat gains from higher occupant density and appliance use than assumed, and in some cases insufficient reliance on natural ventilation to purge excess heat. Because in-use occupancy patterns are hard to predict at design stage, the paper recommends a more robust design strategy with explicit measures to minimise summer overheating and future-proof against a changing climate. Context figure cited: fuel poverty affected 10.6 per cent of English households at the time of the study.

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25. fair RN-5L7RTO

    UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering and UCL Energy Institute

    Measured overheating in 122 London dwellings across the summers of 2009 and 2010, with dry bulb temperature and relative humidity logged in the main living and sleeping area at 10 minute intervals and assessed against the ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive comfort method. Results: in 2009, 29 per cent of living rooms and 31 per cent of bedrooms had more than 1 per cent of summertime occupied hours outside the comfort zone for 90 per cent acceptability; in 2010 that rose to 37 per cent of living rooms and 49 per cent of bedrooms. The conclusion is that London dwellings already face a significant overheating risk under the current climate, before any warming, and that exposure will worsen unless adaptation is built into Building Regulations, design and retrofit. Pathan, Mavrogianni, Summerfield, Oreszczyn and Davies.

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26. supplier figure RN-BDMJI6

    Birtley Lintels (Birtley Group)

    CB70 standard duty cavity wall lintel, cavity 70-85 mm, outer leaf 100 mm, inner leaf 100 mm. Explicitly not suitable for point loads or concrete floors. SWL/UDL by length band: 750-1200 mm 15 kN, 108 mm high, 5.8 kg/m; 1350-1500 mm 15 kN, 108 mm, 7.1 kg/m; 1650-2100 mm 20 kN, 143 mm, 8.3 kg/m; 2250-2400 mm 22 kN, 148 mm, 10.1 kg/m; 2550-3000 mm 26 kN, 185 mm, 11.5 kg/m; 3150-3900 mm 26 kN, 201 mm, 14 kg/m. Supergalv coating to EN 1461, high strength structural steel to EN 10025-2, fire tested to BS 476-20:1987. No baseplate and no factory-fitted insulation, which Birtley say reduces thermal bridging.

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27. supplier figure RN-H7BYWA

    Birtley Lintels (Birtley Group)

    HD90 heavy duty cavity wall lintel, cavity 90-105 mm, outer leaf 100 mm, inner leaf 100 mm, requiring solid fully jointed blockwork infill to the inner leaf. SWL/UDL by length band: 750-1800 mm 70 kN, 231 mm high, 14.8 kg/m; 1950-2400 mm 60 kN, 231 mm; 2550-2700 mm 60 kN, 232 mm, 17.6 kg/m; 2850-3000 mm 55 kN; 3150-3600 mm 45 kN; 3750-4200 mm 40 kN; 4350-4800 mm 35 kN; 4950-5100 mm 25 kN. Birtley state their standard cavity lintels deliver up to a 55% improvement on the SAP default thermal bridging value.

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28. supplier figure RN-7HA8QN

    Birtley Lintels (Birtley Group)

    HDX90 extra heavy duty cavity wall lintel, cavity 90-105 mm, outer leaf 100 mm, inner leaf 100 mm, requiring solid fully jointed blockwork infill to the inner leaf. SWL/UDL by length band: 750-2100 mm 100 kN; 2250-3300 mm 80 kN; 3450-4200 mm 70 kN; 4350-4800 mm 60 kN; 4950-5100 mm 45 kN. Height is a constant 236 mm and weight a constant 23.3 kg/m across the range. Fire tested to BS 476-20:1987.

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29. supplier figure RN-8O6VE9

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CBP150/100 extreme load cavity lintel for a 150-165 mm cavity, inner leaf 100 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm. Non insulated, structural steel, hot dip galvanised after fabrication. SWL total UDL at a 1:1/3:1 ratio on 150 mm end bearings: 88 kN at 2100 to 2700 mm, 79 kN at 3300 to 3900 mm, 70 kN at 5400 mm and 63 kN at 5750 mm. Constant nominal height 263 mm. Weight 86.94 kg at 2100 mm to 238.05 kg at 5750 mm, which is a two-man or mechanical lift. Lengths in 150 mm increments up to 3000 mm then 300 mm increments. Made in the UK, BES 6001 certified.

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30. supplier figure RN-DK8XS4

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CCB standard duty semi circle arch lintel for domestic housing with nominal loadings, giving clear spans from 600 mm to 1200 mm. Cavity 90-100 mm, inner leaf 100-102 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm. Stocked at clear spans of 600, 630, 900, 915 and 1200 mm with weights of 12.69, 13.47, 18.14, 18.40 and 23.43 kg. Catnic list no SWL figure for the arch range, which is quoted N/A, so loadings must be referred to their technical department. Hot dip galvanised, made in the UK, BES 6001 certified.

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31. supplier figure RN-EYG3AL

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CG90/100 open back cavity wall lintel for 90-105 mm cavity, inner leaf 100-115 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm, standard duty. Safe working load is total UDL at a 1:1/3:1 inner-to-outer load ratio on 150 mm end bearings: 15 kN for 750-1500 mm lengths, 18 kN at 1650-1800 mm, 20 kN at 1950-2100 mm, 22 kN at 2250-2400 mm, 26 kN from 2550 mm to 3000 mm. Nominal height steps 90 mm (to 1500), 136 mm (to 2100), 175 mm (to 2400), 215 mm (to 2700) then 224 mm. Weight 4.59 kg at 750 mm rising to 39.45 kg at 3000 mm. Lengths in 150 mm increments. Galvanised steel, integral insulation, integral plaster key, black powder coating giving duplex corrosion protection.

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32. supplier figure RN-PIP494

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CH90/100 heavy duty open back cavity lintel, cavity 90-105 mm, inner leaf 100-115 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm. SWL is total UDL at a 1:1/19:1 ratio on 150 mm end bearings: 32 kN from 900 mm to 1800 mm, 48 kN at 1950 mm and 2100 mm, 45 kN at 2250 mm and 2400 mm. Constant nominal height 158 mm. Weight 10.12 kg at 900 mm to 33.72 kg at 2400 mm. Lengths in 150 mm increments up to 2400 mm. Datasheet warns that with the CH and CX open back ranges carrying concrete floors the blockwork must be built tight to the inner vertical face with a mortar joint on top so floor units spread evenly over the inner flange.

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33. supplier figure RN-ZEMTD4

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CX150/125 extra heavy duty open back lintel for a 150-165 mm cavity, inner leaf 125-140 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm, which is the wide-cavity build used to reach modern U-values. SWL total UDL at a 1:1/19:1 ratio: 60 kN from 900 mm through 2100 mm. Nominal height a constant 232 mm. Weight 16.65 kg at 900 mm rising to 38.85 kg at 2100 mm, noticeably heavier than the equivalent 90 mm cavity CX90/100 at the same length.

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34. supplier figure RN-85QJ42

    Catnic (Tata Steel UK)

    CX90/100 extra heavy duty open back cavity lintel, cavity 90-105 mm, inner leaf 100-115 mm, outer leaf 100-102 mm. SWL total UDL at 1:1/19:1 on 150 mm end bearings: 60 kN from 900 mm through 2700 mm, 55 kN at 2850 mm and 3000 mm, 50 kN at 3300 mm and 3600 mm. Constant nominal height 232 mm. Weight 15.24 kg at 900 mm to 73.62 kg at 3600 mm.

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35. supplier figure RN-IAZEAE

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO balcony roof window, where the upper sash opens upwards and the lower sash forward to form a balcony bay; both sashes use P2 safety glazing. P2 energy saving double glazed unit 4H-Tg15Ar-33.2T with toughened outer and laminated inner pane: whole-window U-value 1.5 W/m2K, centre-pane glazing U-value 1.1 W/m2K, 35 dB Rw. P5 energy saving triple unit 4HS-Tg10Kr-4HT-Tg8Kr-33.2T: whole-window U-value 0.97 W/m2K, glazing U-value 0.5 W/m2K, 35 dB Rw. The balcony window's double-glazed Uw of 1.5 is worse than the 1.3 of a standard pivot window, because of the extra frame.

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36. supplier figure RN-50LZ8R

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO DXA (fixed) and DEA (solar opening, with insect screen, rain sensor and PV panel as standard) renovation flat roof skylights, for flat roofs with pitches from 0 to 15 degrees, made of aluminium and plastic with single or double chamber glazing. Two U-figures are published side by side: Urc (the whole rooflight assembly) of 1.3 W/m2K at a reference area of 3.8 m2 and 1.1 W/m2K at 3.85 m2; and skylight U-factors of 1.7 W/m2K with a 4HT10-Tg14Ar-33.2 single chamber unit and 1.5 W/m2K with a 4HT10-Tg10Ar-4H-Tg8Ar-33.2 double chamber unit.

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37. supplier figure RN-G9MCD3

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO DXW walk-on flat roof window for terraces and flat roofs, sitting flush with the roof covering, with a reinforced frame, anti-slip coating and a laminated outer pane. Whole-window U-value 0.70 W/m2K and centre-pane glazing Ug 0.5 W/m2K. Glazing build-up 888.44 (1 x ESG, 2 x TVG) - Tg16Ar - 4HT - Tg18Ar - 66.2T, a double-chamber (triple glazed) passive unit with 16mm and 18mm argon-filled cavities and warm-edge spacers. Frame profiles are filled with insulating material.

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38. supplier figure RN-W3CTLO

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO flat roof windows. Type F with a triple chamber DU8 glazing unit: heat transfer coefficient U = 0.64 W/m2K measured to EN 14351-1, suitable for energy-efficient and passive buildings. Type C with a triple chamber passive U8 (VSG) unit and dome: U = 0.55 W/m2K measured to EN 1873 at a size of 120 x 120cm, a figure that covers the entire window including frame, sash and dome (the two standards are different bases, which is why the numbers must not be compared naively). Secure type flat roof windows comply with burglary resistance class RC 2 to EN 1627; glazing units carry the highest impact resistance class for hail; reaction to fire class B to PN-EN 13501-1. Units available with single, double and triple chamber glazing.

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39. supplier figure RN-3MN5GR

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO Preselect top hung and pivot roof window. P2 energy saving double glazed unit, 4H-16-4T with toughened outer pane: whole-window U-value 1.3 W/m2K, centre-pane glazing U-value 1.1 W/m2K, 32 dB acoustic insulation Rw. P5 energy saving triple glazed unit, 4HS-Tg10Kr-4HT-Tg8Kr-33.2T (krypton filled, 10mm and 8mm cavities, laminated inner pane): whole-window U-value 0.97 W/m2K, centre-pane glazing U-value 0.5 W/m2K, 35 dB Rw. The gap between the 0.5 glazing figure and the 0.97 window figure shows how much the frame and sash cost you. The sash rotates through 180 degrees for cleaning the outer pane, with stability at the full 35 degree opening.

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40. supplier figure RN-ECW9QA

    FAKRO GB Ltd

    FAKRO PTP and PTP-V PVC pivot roof windows, suitable for roof pitches 15-90 degrees. Whole-window Uw and centre-pane Ug are quoted separately, which matters because they are often confused. U5 glazing unit 4HT-10-4H-10-4HT with toughened outer pane: Uw 1.0 W/m2K, Ug 0.5 W/m2K, 34 dB Rw; Uw improves to 0.9 W/m2K when installed with the EHV-AT Thermo insulated flashing rather than a standard flashing. U4 glazing unit 4HT-12-4-12-4T: Uw 1.1 W/m2K, Ug 0.7 W/m2K, 34 dB Rw; Uw 1.0 W/m2K with the EHV-AT Thermo flashing. U3 glazing: Uw 1.3 W/m2K, Ug 1.0 W/m2K, 32 dB Rw. P2 safety variant 33 dB Rw. The flashing choice is therefore worth 0.1 W/m2K on the installed window.

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